What is ADHD?
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by difficulty concentrating, remaining still, following instructions, and controlling impulsiveness in children. Unlike the occasional restlessness observed in all children, those with ADHD display these behaviors with greater frequency and intensity. This condition can negatively impact academic performance, generate conflict within the family environment, and complicate social interaction. It is essential for parents to identify these symptoms and act early to prevent future adverse effects.
ADHD symptoms fall into two categories:
Inattentive behaviors or Hyperactive and impulsive behaviors
Inattentive behaviors:
- Makes careless mistakes.
- Is easily distracted.
- Appears not to be listening when spoken to directly.
- Has difficulty following directions.
- Has organizational problems.
- Avoids or is bothered by prolonged effort.
- Is forgetful and frequently loses objects.
Hyperactive and impulsive behaviors:
- Moves constantly or has difficulty staying in one place or waiting their turn.
- Runs and climbs excessively.
- Has difficulty playing quietly.
- Shows extreme impatience.
- Always seems "on the go" or "driven by a motor."
- Talks or interrupts excessively and responds abruptly.
Some children only show symptoms belonging to one of these categories, while others exhibit a combination of both. These manifestations can significantly impact their school performance and generate conflicts at home.
Can a child who isn't hyperactive have ADHD?
Yes, children who struggle with concentration but don't exhibit excessive restlessness have a type of ADHD called inattentive ADHD. These children are often diagnosed later because their disruptive or problematic behaviors are less obvious to teachers and parents. However, as they progress through elementary school, difficulties keeping up academically become more apparent.
Why can children with ADHD focus on some things? What is ADHD hyperfocus?
Although ADHD is called an attention deficit disorder, experts believe it actually affects a child's ability to regulate and direct their attention. Many children with ADHD can focus intensely on exciting activities, such as video games, but struggle to maintain that focus on tasks that don't provide immediate gratification, such as schoolwork, getting dressed, or going to bed.
This intense concentration, known as hyperfocus, also explains why children with ADHD often become upset when asked to leave an activity they are deeply involved in, such as their favorite game or a video game. Experts refer to this inability to shift focus as "task switching difficulties," which can lead to conflicts with adults.
